Tajikistan is one of the oldest countries in the world. The territory of modern Tajikistan had been inhabited until the middle of I millennium BC. by Sogdians and Bactrians, who created their ancient states, but were conquered by the Persians, which later was destroyed by Alexander the Great. On the territory of modern Tajikistan, tourists will find ancient cities of Penjikent, Khujand, Ura-Tube that still is famous for products of local craftsmen. The monuments of neighboring Uzbekistan are also fine examples of Tajik history and culture. In Tajikistan itself, one should mention such monuments as the Hissar fortress, the Mausoleum of Khoja Mashhad, Ajina Tepe with the remains of Buddhist monasteries. Perhaps it is the nature that makes Tajikistan famous, and not its cities. Incredibly high mountains, deep valleys and swift rivers, green slopes and diverse flora and fauna make Tajikistan a good destination for green tourism.

The capital of Tajikistan is Dushanbe, located in the picturesque and fertile Hissar valley. The first written sources that contain references to Dushanbe appeared in the early 17th century, though the city has many archeological monuments of the Greek and Bactrian periods. This is a very green city, almost entirely created by human hands in the foothill zone. The streets are formed by modern houses, built with consideration of the seismic activity of these places. The slopes of the surrounding mountains are picturesque and often walked by tourists. This is one of the highest capitals in the world and one of the largest cultural centers in Asia. There are fiver theaters ana a philharmonic, a circus, more than 70 movie theaters and cinemas, the film studio and more than 170 state libraries. Tajikistan is a powerful cultural and scientific center of Central Asia, though it is not considered a country of prime importance for tourists.

Tajikistan Museum displays interesting exhibitions on history, science and art of this land. Barakat market is the business center of the capital, a typical bazaar with all its attributes.

Khujand is the capital of northern Tajikistan, and the second largest city in the country, as well as one of the oldest cities in Asia. As legend has it, it was founded by Alexander the Great over 2,300 years ago. The city enjoyed prosperity and wealth, being one of the main centers of the Silk Road. This era left behind numerous palaces, great mosques and the city's citadel, which, however, could not resist the Mongols attack and was destroyed. The city still remains the richest part of the country, it is a convenient, relaxing place with numerous parks.

Penjikent was one of the most developed cities in the ancient Central Asia. The architectural composition of local palaces and temples is unique and has no analogy in Central Asia or in other Eastern countries.

Pamir, known locally as the Roof of the World, is the area with the world's highest mountain ranges, including the Karakoram and the Himalayas to the south, the Hindu Kush to the west and the Tien Shan in the northeast. The network of deep and wide valleys lie between mountain peaks and are intersected with numerous swift mountain rivers. Pamir is, unfortunately, too high for human settlements so it is a kingdom of climbers and snow leopards. The mountain routes here are very dangerous and can be any time disrupted by landslides and avalanches.

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